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TENSES
PRESENT TENSE
- Present Continuos Tense ( Verb : is, am, are + ing )
è Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung sekarang (atau present, this moment, now, etc)
Examples :
- Don’t make so much noise, the baby is sleeping.
- Where are the nurses?
They are having a meeting.
- I am tired. I am going to bed now.
- Simple Present Tense ( Verb : V1 atau V1 + s/es )
è Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang selalu diulang (repeated action ), kebiasaan (habitual action) dan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Example :
- He is a driver. He drives a bus.
- I usually go away at weekends.
- Nurse looks after patients in hospital.
- Where does he come from. He comes from Papua.
- Present Prefect Tense ( Has/Have + V3 )
è Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah dilakukan tanpa diikuti keterangan waktu yang pasti. (keterangan : yet, already, since, for)
Examples :
- Is Sally here? No, she has gone
- Don’t forget to post the letter.
I have already posted it.
- I have written a report but I have’t given it to the doctor yet.
- Present Perfect Continuos Tense ( Have/Has + Been + V ing )
è Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah dilakukan beberapa saat dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung (berdurasi).
Keterangan waktu : for ….., since ….. dan keterangan waktu yang menunjukkan bahwa sampai sekarang aktivitas itu masih berlangsung.
Examples :
- The surgeon has been operating the patient for 2 hour. He is still doing it now.
- I have been teaching in nursing academy for 3 years. I am still teaching there now.
- I have been waiting a doctor for almost an hour, but she has not arrived yet.
PAST TENSE
- Simple Past ( V2 )
è Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sudah dilakukan diwaktu lampau dan waktunya tertentu.
Keterangan waktu : ago, yesterday, last, just now.
Examples :
- The police stopped me on my way home last night.
- My patient died two hours ago.
- Did you invite him to your wedding party.
Yes, I invited him, but he didn’t come.
- Past Continuos ( Was/Were + V ing )
è Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung ketika ada aktivitas lain yang menyusul, keduanya terjadi di masa lampau.
Atau untuk menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang berlangsung cukup lama diwaktu lampau (ket: when, while, the whole …..).
Examples :
- The nurse was making the bed when the patient collapsed.
- The container exploded, when the lab workers were doing some experiment.
- That baby was crying the whole night.
- Past Perfect ( Had + V3 )
è Untuk menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang telah dilakukan setelah berlangsung pada waktu disusul aktivitas lain.
Keterangan waktu : Before, After
Examples :
- I had done the morning care before I left. I hope you come to replace me.
- The doctor diagnosed her illness after he had examined
- The surgeon had operated the patient before he went home.
- Past Perfect Continuos ( Had + Been + V ing )
è Untuk menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang telah berlangsung beberapa lama sebelum disusul aktivitas lain (berdurasi dimasa lampau).
Keterangan waktu : for ….. when / for ….. before
Examples :
- He had been doing a presentation for an hour when one of the audiences interrupt him.
- He had been teaching in SPK for 8 years before I started teaching in nursing academic.
- The student had been discussing for 30 minutes when the teacher entered the classroom.
FUTURE TENSE
- Simple Future : ( Will + V1 / to be going to )
è Untuk menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang akan dilaksanakan pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.
Ket: next ….., tomorrow, tonight.
Examples :
- We will have a trip next week.
- We are going to have trip next week.
- I will inform you the latest news about her.
- Future Continous ( Will Be + V ing )
è Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang dilakukan di masa yang akan datang.
Examples :
- Don’t comes to my house around three tomorrow. I will be taking a nap.
- She will be teaching from 07.00 to 13.00 next Monday.
- Future Perfect Tense : ( Will + have + V3 )
è Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah selesai dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang.
Ket: by ….. / before …..
Examples :
- The students will have finished their task by 12.00
- I will have submitted my paper before saturday.
- Future Perfect Continuos ( Will + Have Been + V ing )
è Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sudah berlangsung sampai sekarang masih dan akan tetap berlangsung sampai waktu tertentu (berdurasi di masa yang akan datang).
Ket: for ….. by …..
Examples :
- We will have been studying English for 6 years by June 2000.
- The doctor will have been operating the patient for 3 hour by 11.00
Present
|
Past | Future | |
Simple
|
V1 | V2 | Will + V1 |
Continuous
|
To be + Ving | Was/were + Ving | Will + be + Ving |
Perfect
|
Have/Has + V3 | Had + V3 | Will + Have + V3 |
Perfect Continuous |
Have/Has + Been + Ving |
Had + Been + Ving |
Will + Have + Been + Ving
|
Tenses
- Suherly _____ for the automobile corporation since 1982.
- worked
- works
- is working
- has worked
- will work
- By the end of this year, I _____ English for two years.
- will study
- have been studying
- had been studying
- must have studied
- will have been studying
- His mother _____ a lot about him before she heard that he was okay.
- worried
- has worried
- worries
- had worried
- had been worried
- The team _____ along the river-bank when they accidentally found a big cave.
- were walking
- are walking
- will walk
- walked
- walk
- Ahmad : Mah, what were you doing when I
phoned your mother last night?
Halimah : I _____ TV
- am watching
- was watching
- have watched
- will watched
- watch
- By the end of this month, I _____ my assignment.
- will finish
- will have finished
- finish
- am finishing
- was finishing
- Did you meet your brother yesterday?
No, he _____ to Surabaya.
- would leave
- has left
- is leaving
- had been leaving
- had left
- Febby look tired; she _____ for three hours now.
- drove
- had driven
- was driving
- had been driving
- has been driving
- Don’t come in the afternoon because _____ football then.
- I play
- I will be playing
- I am playing
- I am going to play
- I have played
- Rahma _____ for two hours before Topan arrived.
- will waiting
- has waited
- was waiting
- has been waiting
- had been waiting
- Yunny has been studying English for four years. It means _____
- Yunny doesn’t study English anymore
- Yunny is still studying English now
- Yunny wants to study English
- Yunny studied for four years
- Yunny finished studying English in four years
- Nothing _____ since we left
- has been changed
- is changed
- will be changed
- was changed
- would be changed
- The sun _____ in the east
- is rising
- rose
- rise
- rises
- sets
- Be quite, don’t make so much noise. The baby _____
- sleeps
- has slept
- was sleeping
- is sleeping
- will sleep
- Rahmi _____ a letter in her room when Dita came in.
- wrote
- writes
- is writing
- has written
- was writing
- Sonya _____ go to Bali next weekend
- shall
- may
- could
- will
- must
- He went to library to find history book _____
- next Sunday
- last week
- every Sunday
- since last Sunday
- today
- I hope that by the time I graduate, I _____ a job.
- get
- am getting
- have got
- they are
- will have got
- Risma _____ in that company since 1996
- work
- working
- to work
- has been working
- have work
- My grandfather _____ when I came to his house.
- read
- was reading
- reads
- is reading
- has read
- When Dita arrived, I _____ my homework
- finish
- finished
- had finished
- was finish
- finishing
- I _____ a good movie last night
- see
- saw
- seen
- was see
- have see
- All the family ____ in Bogor since two years ago.
- have had to live
- have lived
- had been living
- had lived
- have been living
- They saw the thief _____ the money from the bank
- was stealing
- stealing
- stole
- steals
- to steal
- How did you find your brother?
I found him _____ in the garage
- slept
- was sleeping
- had been sleeping
- sleeping
- had slept
- Look, the boy _____ freely
- swims
- will swim
- is swimming
- was
- was swimming
- X : When are you planning to send the application letter to the company?
Y : I _____ it already
- send
- had sent
- have sent
- was sent
- will sent
- She told me the address after I _____ her twice.
- have ask
- ask
- asking
- asked
- had asked
- By the end of this month, she will _____ for two years.
- have working
- have work
- work
- have been working
- have been work
- They _____ dinner together with special family at this time in the following day.
- will take
- would took
- are going to take
- would be taking
- had taken
- She _____ before she went to school.
- eat
- have eat
- had eaten
- have eating
- have been eating
- She _____ while her mother was talk to her
- were not listening
- will not listen
- has not listened
- was not listening
- are listening
- Andry _____ in Bogor for five years before he got a job in Bandung.
- studied
- was studying
- had studied
- have been studying
- had been studying
- Rudy told me about the mouse, but I _____ it before.
- see
- saw
- seen
- have see
- have seen
- By the end of the vacation, she _____ here for two weeks.
- will stay
- will have been stay
- is staying
- will be staying
- has been staying
- Over the past few years medical doctors _____ for a drug to control the AIDS virus.
- have been searching
- searched
- had searched
- were searching
- will search
- Next month, he _____ as a teacher for 20 years.
- has worked
- has been working
- will have been working
- will be working
- will work
- The man _____ building the factory by next year.
- are going to finish
- will have finished
- have finished
- have been finishing
- are finished
- The telephone _____ for a long time before it was answered
- rang
- was ringing
- had been ringing
- had rung
- has rung
- My uncle _____ in that office for over five years next year.
- will have been working
- has been working
- will be working
- will work
- would work
- “I want to come to your house tomorrow. What _____ at ten tomorrow?”
- would you do
- have you done
- will you be doing
- have you been doing
- are you going to do
- He _____ here for a year by this time next year.
- has lived
- will live
- will be living
- has been living
- will have been living
- The police _____ for the robber for two years before they caught him.
- had been looking
- have looked
- were looking
- hard to be looked
- were looked
- When I got up yesterday, Ali and Nina _____ their breakfast.
- already have
- were having
- have been having
- had had
- By the end of this week, he will have finished reading the novel. It means _____
- He has finished reading the novel
- He may have finished reading the novel
- He was reading the novel
- He will not finished reading the novel
- He ha not finishes reading the novel and is going to finish it this week
- Sugeng had been living in Surakarta for years before he moved to Yogyakarta
- He will be living in Yogyakarta by next year
- He lives in Surakarta now
- He lives in Yogyakarta now
- He was living in Yogyakarta when I moved there
- He will live in Surakarta
- “Ten years ago there was no statue in front of this building.”
“Well, it _____ there for three years now.”
- is
- has been
- is being
- was
- had been
- They _____ their homework all night long
- are doing
- have done
- did
- had been doing
- have been doing
- The bus came after I _____ for about twenty minutes
- have been waiting
- have waited
- am waiting
- had been waiting
- was waiting
- She read the dictionary then she translated the sentence. The above sentence can be joined as follow _____
- When she read the dictionary, she translated the sentence
- She would read the dictionary if she translated the sentence
- She had read the dictionary before she translated the sentence
- She read the dictionary after she translated the sentence
- While she has translating the sentence she read the dictionary